The total fertility rate in the United States estimated for 2010 is 2.06 children per woman,[5] which is slightly higher than the replacement level of 2.0.[6] However, U.S. population growthis among the highest in industrialized countries,[7] since the vast majority of these have below-replacement fertility rates and the U.S. has higher levels of immigration.[5][8] The United States Census Bureau shows population increases ranging between 0.85% and 0.89% for the twelve-month periods ending in 2009.[9] Nonetheless, though high by industrialized country standards, this is below the world average annual rate of 1.19%.[7]
There were 155.6 million females in the United States in 2009. The number of males was 151.4 million. At age 85 and older, there were more than twice as many women as men. People under 20 years of age made up over a quarter of the U.S. population (27.3%), and people age 65 and over made up one-eighth (12.8%) in 2009.[10] The national median age was 36.8 years.[10] Racially, the U.S. has a White American majority. Minorities compose just over one-third of the population (102.5 million in 2007), with Hispanic and Latino Americans andBlack Americans as the largest minority groups, by ethnicity and race, respectively.[11]
The American population more than tripled during the 20th century—at a growth rate of about 1.3% a year—from about 76 million in 1900 to 281 million in 2000. It reached the 200 million mark in 1967, and the 300 million mark on October 17, 2006.[12][13] Currently, population growth is fastest among minorities as a whole, and according to the Census Bureau's estimation for 2005, 45% of American children under the age of 5 belonged to minority groups.[14]
Hispanic and Latino Americans accounted for almost half (1.4 million) of the national population growth of 2.9 million between July 1, 2005, and July 1, 2006.[15] Immigrants and their U.S.-born descendants are expected to provide most of the U.S. population gains in the decades ahead.[16]
The Census Bureau projects a U.S. population of 439 million in 2050, which is a 46% increase from 2007 (301.3 million).[17] However, the United Nations projects a U.S. population of 402 million in 2050, an increase of 32% from 2007 (the UN projects a gain of 38% for the world at large).[18] In either case, such growth is unlike most European countries, especiallyGermany, Russia, Italy, and Greece, or Asian countries such as Japan or South Korea, whose populations are slowly declining, and whose fertility rates are below replacement.
As of December 16, 2010, the United States is estimated to have 4.51% of the world's population.
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